Food security refers to the reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and preferences. Food sovereignty, on the other hand, emphasizes local control over food production and decision-making, ensuring that communities can produce the food they need sustainably.

CNMI currently imports over 90% of its food. While imported products provide variety and convenience, this heavy dependence leaves the islands vulnerable to shipping delays, price spikes, and global supply shocks. Natural disasters, such as typhoons, can further disrupt access, highlighting the importance of locally produced food.

Local production improves resilience, supports economic development, and preserves cultural food traditions. Initiatives that strengthen local agriculture are not only practical but critical for the long-term stability of CNMI’s food system.

Several government programs and institutions support local agriculture in CNMI, but challenges remain.

Existing Programs

• Micro-grants and subsidies: The CNMI Division of Agriculture provides small grants to assist farmers in purchasing seeds, tools, and equipment.

• Training and workshops: Extension programs provide technical guidance, from crop management to pest control.

Institutional Players

• Marianas Producers Association (MPA): MPA promotes backyard gardening, commercial farming, and specialized programs like AgVets, which supports veterans entering agriculture.

• Northern Marianas College – College of Natural and Applied Sciences (NMC-CREES): CREES conducts research, extension services, and economic analysis to help farmers make data-driven decisions.
  
  

Effectiveness and Gaps

While these programs have increased awareness and provided critical resources, gaps remain in funding, access to land, infrastructure, and market development. Expanding support, improving coordination, and addressing barriers are key for scaling local food production.

Policy plays a decisive role in shaping CNMI’s agricultural landscape. Several areas require attention:

Land Use and Zoning Policies
Many farmers face challenges accessing sufficient land due to small plot sizes, unclear tenure, and restrictive zoning laws. Policies that allow for more flexible land use, communal gardens, and shared farming spaces can unlock new production potential.

Economic Incentives
Grants, low-interest loans, and tax incentives can help local producers invest in equipment, seeds, and infrastructure. Import substitution programs can make locally grown crops more competitive against imported goods, creating both economic and food security benefits.

Trade and Market Policies
Support for local markets, cooperative distribution networks, and small-scale processing facilities can strengthen local food systems. Policies that encourage consumer preference for local produce, including public procurement for schools and government institutions, can further stimulate demand.

Integration with Climate and Environmental Policies

Sustainable agriculture programs that encourage soil conservation, water management, and climate-resilient crops help ensure long-term productivity. Aligning food security policy with climate resilience strengthens CNMI’s capacity to withstand environmental shocks.

Economic analysis is essential for guiding decisions in local agriculture:

Cost–Benefit Analysis for Farmers:
Farmers must evaluate inputs (seed, fertilizer, labor) against potential returns. Selecting crops with strong local demand and favorable growing conditions ensures more reliable profitability.

Market Research and Consumer Behavior:
Understanding what consumers want—including fruits, vegetables, and specialty crops—allows farmers to target production efficiently. Niche crops, high-value herbs, and culturally important staples can create opportunities for small-scale farmers.

Data-Driven Planning:

Research and extension services provide data on soil quality, pest patterns, and seasonal performance. This information helps farmers plan planting schedules, manage risks, and scale production strategically.